Race and Racism

Sierra Druyon February 23, 2013 Prep atomic number 18d for Dr. Dugan ENG 101 Paper 1 argumentative Synthesis on Race and racial discrimination In comparison to the nobleman existence in which quite a little in all live in, serviceman bes are merely a speck of dust at the size of it all. hence here are these bes on planet earth, with all 7 zillion mass under the same moon, divided. No longer are human lives as beings, but separate because of the system of ignorance, exploitation, and power used to trounce people on the basis of ethnicity, culture, mannerisms, and culture (Marable 1).Racism is the issue Americans squander brush under the rug the problem is being ignored, leaving cultures in the risque of their own accounting causing blame to be shifted on to all sorts of hosts, and its time to pick up the rug to dust. Society as a whole seems to have broken down what makes a soulfulness unique, dehumanizing them and leaving them susceptible to oppression (Marable 2). O ne must non be so quick to forget that every single human being is made up of the same genetic material, to forget some involvement so freehanded is to undermine the gift of mobiliseing itself.Manning Marable writes in Racism and Sexism that stereotypes are at the heart of every form of racism today. Racism is non a topic that sits around at the front of everybodys brain. Racism does not twist on the tip of your tongue begging to be talked ab away. Racism is something that is ignored and denied. Shocking statistics from Tim Wises On White right were discussed, stating that in 1962, 80% of white folk believed that racism was not plane a problem.In the same course of study, 90% of white folk believed that wringed children had equal education opportunities as white children. To believe that racism was not unconstipated a problem would be to recite that over the 750 speed riots 228 people were not actually killed, 12,741 people were not critically injured, and that the 15,00 0 acts of arson did not leave colour urban neighborhoods in ruins, in the same year of 1962 (Postrel). White people are tout ensemble unburdened by race where as colored eople constantly feel their capabilities are always being second guessed. However, Charles M. tramp, author of Escaping Slavery, explains to the reader that apparently white people think their actions are justified And Blow goes as far as to say that the idea that come about toward radical harmony would or should be pie-eyed and continuous is fraying (Blow 1). In On White prerogative, the caller Tim Wise pointed out that white people were asked in 2009 if they believed that racial discrimination is still a problem and only 6% said yes. To put that into perspective more than than people would believe that Elvis is still alive than to believe that racial discrimination is still a problem (Wise). Perhaps the density of the universe compromised the carrying capacity of the human brain causing a malfunction qua lification it so the only thing people can think to the highest degree is them self. Definitely not progress (Blow 2). The white system of ignorance and exploitations is causing the cultures of color to completely lose track of their own histories (Marable).People who are oppressed themselves capture to lose touch with their own traditions of history, community, love, celebrations, struggle, and change (Marable). Tim Wise reminds viewers whose history we are truly learning in school- text books are alter only with white history people of color are coerce to regurgitate white history, white literature, white art, white theater, etc. , date if a white person does not grapple an ounce of b lack history, it can go virtually unnoticed in this country (Wise).Actions speak louder than words and people seem to continue to prove their ignorance. As get down of the Civil Rights Movement and an effort to create a origin to wicked discrimination in housing based on race, color, sex, na tion origin, or religion, the Fair Housing Act was passed in 1968 (Russell). Fast forward 38 years later where 2006 showed the highest level of discriminating housing complaints based on race (Wise). 38 whole years later and the only thing society can show on terms of progress is the lack of acceptance being distributed around the country.There is not enough change fetching place as a country in order to relocation forward into truly being the join States of America home of the digest but we still fear what we do not know. It is always easier to appoint other forces for a problem than to admit that you are actually reservation the mess yourself. It has been said that if one is not a part of the solution then one is a part of the problem however, some people are purely unburdened by race, they dont know racism because they have never had to experience it- people are completely surrounded by and completely oblivious of the problem.Failure to talk about racism feeds the denial (W ise). The finger can be pointed in any direction, and alternatively of calling it blame the word cause is used instead because that is more constructive, and lets face it, we need as much progress as we can get. However, progress seems to be unbearably intangible when Blow points out that the pillars of the institution- the fundamental devaluation of dark skin and stained justifications are for the unconscionable- have proved surprisingly resilient (Blow). The ignorance and lack of education only feeds the pillars strength.Completely blind by utter fear, America seems to be in a affiliation of progress towards the issue on racism. Starting with Charles Blows unravel in Escaping Slavery, down to Manning Marables Racism and Sexism, and what Tim Wise said in On White Privilege, it can be assumed that progress entrust always need to be made to bring this country juxtaposed to unity. Breaking down racial barriers and stereotypes have proven to be an peculiarly lengthy process, howev er that does not justify the slothfulness of it all. Open minds and paddy wagon is what it is going to take to shatter the structure that leaves this country divided.Word Count 1,100 plant life Cited Blow, Charles. Escaping Slavery. New York Times 4 January 2013. Marable, Manning. Racism and Sexism. Race, Class, and Gender in the United States, 5th ed. Ed. Paul Rothenberg. New York Worth Publishers, 2001. 124-129. Pring. Wise, Tim. On White Privilege Racism, White Denial, and the Costs of Inequality. The Media Education Foundation, 2008. DVD. Postrel, Virginia. The Consequences of the 1960s Race Riots Come Into View. The New York Times. N. p. , 30 Dec. 2004. Web. 18 Feb. 2013.

Educational Outings

Educational Outings- L2B Leeds tropic World This is a very popular Tropical Haven where you testament find a electron orbit of exotic look for, reptiles and Birds from all(a) slightly the world, all in various theamed manners to match their natural surround such as- The Butterfly Room- This room holds up to 40 different varieties of butterflies and it is in like manner an ideal place for them to breed in a mature habitat.Step Ashore- This is the room which is based on a equatorial is kingdom where more animals bequeath be found in what appears to be there natural surround. The Amazon Tank- In this room there argon some different species of tropical fish from all around the world. Desert House and Meerkats- This is the room where you ar introduced to many different species of birds from places such as south America and the Canaries. Amazon southward America tank- This room holds rare whistling ducks in its ponds cr takeing an Amazonian environment.Creature Corner- This roo m involves many reptiles such as lizards, snakes and tortoises and many former(a) reptiles. What will sisterren deal from tropical world? Tropical world will introduce a child to animals in what appears to be their natural habitat, they will see a range of reptiles, birds, fish plants and gardens all in what apperas to be their home. This will help children learn activley and it will give them a better understanding of animal life.It will give them an oppourtunity to learn activley outside of the classroom, seeing smelling and hearing sort of of reading out of a book. Tropical Rooms- Birds nerve centre view of tropical world Potential Hazards- Ponds/Swamps- People could slip or faux pas into the urine causing a fatal injury, minor injury or worse. Rocks from walls- Rocks could extraction off the wall and onto the walk way and cause someone to charge up and injure themselves. Ropes on Bridges- People could fall onto the ropes and fall everyplace them or get rope burn from th em.Steps- People could Trip and fall all everywhere them. Risk Assessments for Hazards- Ponds/Swamps- Follow instructions and rules at all times to meet safety to you and other(a)s, Stay within a safe distance of the pee to be on the safe side. Rocks from walls- Be well cognisant of your surround and staff lionise all rocks secure and safe. Ropes on Bridges- Stay aware and away from all ropes keep small children in sight at all times to avoid aany risks of an accident. Steps- Have signs marking where steps are such as please mind the step in order to keep lot aware.Educational Outings- Temple Newsam Temple newsam is a freindly o pen space environment with miles and miles of greenary, ponds, streams and rivers. There is also Temple Newsam House a historic land mark, Court with shops and The very popular tabernacle Newsam Farm where part of the adorn is c everyplaceed with various farm animals and settings of what farm life was like certify in the day, Also a newly built par k for childrens entertainment. Birds eye view of Temple newsam farm and fellowship What will Children Learn from temple newsam?Children will learn a large amount from of useful things from a day out at Temple Newsam, The farm will get wind the children all about farm animals, the environment they live in, the food they eat and how farm life used to be. They will learn from a mixing of historic farm settings, the animals there pens and the descriptions situated around the farm. The historic house will walk the children back in time as they walk out from room to room and it will tutor them all about how the bypast owners and their families lived in their time. Potential Hazards-Slipping on animal mess- If animal mess is double-dealing around people could slep on it causing themseves harm. Falling into animals pen- If the fencing around the animals are too low then people could fall into the pen or children could climb in. Getting bitten by an animal- If people put their give i nto the pens they could be bitten by one of the animals if they are not careful. Tripping everywhere steps- In the house courtyard or farm people could trip over steps. Risk Assessments for Hazards- Slipping on Animal mess- Farm keeps should learn that all animal mess is cleared from visitors walk ways as quick as possible.Falling into animals pen- Ensure that the fences of pens are a reson sufficient height to impede people from falling in or leave signs up example of low fencing. Getting bitten by an animal- Leave signs warning people not to feed the animals if there is a danger of being bitten . Tripping over steps- cat clear signs up mind your step to be sure people will see it and hopefully avoid tripping. synagogue NEWSAM HOUSE TEMPLE NEWSAM FARM TEMPLE NEWSAM COURTYARD ONE OF MANY GARDENS TEMPLE NEWSAMS historical HOUSE AND ROOMSEducational Outings- Leeds museum Royal Armories Leeds museum of Royal Armories is memorabilia from different eras of past wars, showing membe rs of the everyday Arms, Armours, Artillery and different military atire. This museum consists of 40AD Befor the Romans, 400AD Twilight of the Roman City, 1080AD Conquerors of Castle, 1200AD The Castle Enlarged, 1240AD The holy Castle, 1300AD Apogee of the knightly Castle, 1547AD The Tudor Power House, 1700AD Showplace of the nation, 1841AD The Great Conflagration, 1890AD Remedievalisation of the castle, 1940AD The castle at war, 2000AD the tower at war.These memories are kept safe to hold to teach future generations. Leeds Royal Armories Birds eye view BIRDS EYE VIEW OF princely ARMORIES MAIN ENTRANCE What will children learn from here? From the Royal Armories children will learn all about past wars, how they worked, how they fought, what they fought with and how they dressed. They will be able to study them and increase their knowlegde of them. They will learn all about the Medieval times whilst working amoungst friends gaining social skills.Potential Hazards- Slippery narrat ives- People Could slip over if there has been a spillage or the decks have just been cleaned/mopped. railroad car Parks- If people are not being aware whilst driving or walking through the car park their could be an accident. Statues- Statues could be knocked over causing breakage or knocking into someone causing injury. Weapons- if the weapons are knocked over they could cause somebody harm or damage to other parts of the museum. Risk Assessments for Hazards-Slippery floors- Put up a wet floor sign after cleaning or a spillage until the floor is completly dry. Car Parks- Be aware of the cars in the car park and charm where your going at all times to prevent crashes or other accidents. Statues- Leave signs up Do not touch keep an eye on children at all times to prevent people from touching the statues. Weapons- Put signs up Do not touch and ensure that they are secure in the museum to prevent accidents.

Interactive Simulation Paper Essay

Workplace discrimination can be reflected in many ways, gender, age group, race, nationality or disability and can take aim well-grounded and fiscal consequence for a fraternity (Bennett-Alexander & Hartman, 2007). cognomen septenary of the genteel Rights execution of 1964, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA), and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) ar some of the laws and regulations that make discrimination unlawful in the conditions and term of job, for example hiring, evaluation, and promotion. Its important for administrators to identify different types of discrimination and asseverate against employees in the place of work (Bennett-Alexander & Hartman, 2007). The measures a federation may have the appropriate adjustments for employees with disabilities, or those with a known drug abuse problem, the employees with a known drug abuse problem, the companies must have an arrangement on announcing a pre- usance in addition to a post-employment alcohol and drug test. An employee with a drug abuse issue may be in the company code of breach. The company can offer technique to re-employ the employee in matters of reclamation status is complete. Alternatively if the employee has an alcohol abuse the company should inform the employee of inhering or external counseling aid or treatment (UOP, 2014). The alternatives for the employee are termination, counseling or therapy, or warning.These solutions can benefit the employee and employer. As for incapacitate persons applying for a job, there is The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) employment agencies, labor unions, and articulate labor-management committees (Bennett-Alexander & Hartman, 2007). Executive agencies of the United States establishment are exempt from the ADA, but these agencies are covered instead by similar nondiscrimination requirements and additional affirmative employment requirements under Section 501 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (Bennett-Alexander & Hartman, 2007). The ch eachenges may include roadless equipment or amenities or perhaps a procedures or regulations should collaborate the criteria. Good accommodating dismisses these challenges for a disabled employee. This where the ADA brings in companies to erect accommodations for their disabled employees, . Therefore, they appreciate the privileges and benefits of theemployment. Factors according to personality, attitude toward work, and future upward mobility should be considered when hiring.A candidates goal-settings, work attitudes, and, are considered elements that justify the process of employment. These characteristics are natural and effective to the companies modern space environments. In addition, applicants may believe a possible discrimination towards themselves regarding the company but it is non the case in the hiring process. The two applicants selected were a female person and Judaic. The female employee made accusations o f sexual torture regarding two co-workers in her work group and had assumptions of her manager behavior was unjust when evaluating her work performance tinting the reported accusations. The issue should examine thoroughly, and companies indeed counterbalance with the professional manner in this sort of conduct to remain make it of any sexual harassment. The Judaic employee reported of his religious beliefs on the mold given to him by a manager regarding the advertisement of a effect product. This was altered for the employee regarding religious affiliation but costly. This cases that have arisen with the two candidates selected had legitimate advice from the company Legal Counselor for HHP. Her choices include credentials and abilities for the workplace not sex, impairment of faith, and not race. The company president concerns with a female employee working in the surroundings of a white male environment and Manager, the Executive Director uncertainty of employees support of African-American rights in addition to feminist status.These characteristics should not be an interest of concern in the hiring process (UOP, 2014). ennoble VII is a federal government law and a work contract, verbal or written and should travel along with the laws and regulations of the job. statute title VII may bypass the job atmosphere and conditions contract in a written job agreement between a company and worker. The job contract wont bypass Title VII but, Title VII will bypass the contract. Before Title VII, the company could employ and terminate an employee for any given reason. Title VII forbids discrimination in employing, firing, coaching, promotion, discipline or any other office decisions. (Bennett-Alexander & Hartman, 2007). Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) cover all private employers, state and local governments, and education institutions which use fifteen or over persons (Bennett-Alexander & Hartman, 2007). A work agreement doesnt permit orlegalize any action of discrimination that is covered by Title VII. Title VII overrode the job atmosphere and office conditions (Bennett-Alexander & Hartman, 2007). Religious set should be accommodated with a good faith effort by the company (UOP, 2014). Moreover, the Executive Director was worried about the employee having the ability to travel to acquire with customers however he is a protected under the rules of ADA. With the introduction of the up-to-the-minute technology could allow the specific employee to able to teleconferences or net conferences with customers and electrostatic meet his job conditions (UOP, 2014).ReferenceBennett- Alexander, D. D., & Hartman, L. P. (2007). Employment law for business (5th ed.). Boston, MA McGraw-Hill. UOP. (2014). Simulations Preventing Workplace Discrimination Multimedia. Retrieved from UOP, MGT/434 website.

Character Sketch of Anne Frank Essay

In spite of e really affaire, I still believe that passel are actu everyy severe at heart. These were the last words that Anne Frank wrote in her diary before she was taken away by the Nazis and shipped off to a preoccupation camp where she would later face her inevitable death. Anne was a person of some(prenominal) personality traits. Anne was wishful, feel for, fun loving, determined, enthusiastic and, a bit gravel. Despite her lissom annoyingness, those who knew Anne couldnt help but to love her. Anne was hopeful because she had many things to hope for. She hoped for the contend to end and for her family to be safe. She hoped that her friends would t bulge out ensemble pull through the war as well. She hoped that Peter would get to like her when she first moved into the propagation and she hoped that she and her mother would get along better. Perhaps she was so hopeful because all she could do at that point in her life was to hope. Anne was an extremely caring person. She cared for her family, of course and she cared for the Van Daans while they were in hiding together. She cared for her friends and she even cared for people she didnt know, if they were in need of help. Anne vas extremely fun loving. She despised being cooped up in the flank. All she wanted to do was be a normal girlfriend again so she could go turn out and play like everyone else. She saw through all the hardships that were expiration on in the cast up and tried to get everyone to laugh and have a good time instead of being so tense all of the time. She hated the tenseness and was good at cutting through it. She helped everyone sincerely come together at Hanukah time by getting everyone gifts, that they never wouldve expected. She got them all singing the Hanukah song that night, and they all enjoyed it. Anne was indeed a very determined person. Once she had her mind come in on something she wanted, she wouldnt allow go. An example of this is her relationship with Peter .When the Franks and the Van Daans first moved into the secret annex together, Anne and Peter did not get along well at all. Anne got it set in her mind that she would improve that particular relationship very early, however, and by the end of their time at the secret annex Peter and Anne were going together. Anne was a very enthusiastic person, even when it seemed as though no one else was. She would incessantly bring happiness into a room with her and always got someone smiling in no time. She didnt let the electronegativity of a situation get her down one bit. She would let her fanaticism guide her everywhere, expert as long as she had something to live for. Anne was, undoubtedly, an annoying person.Most of the time not purposely by any means. some time it was her unending enthusiasm and fun lovingness that annoyed people. However, other times it was just because she was an annoying person. She talked a bit too much, and this got on the inhabitants of the annexs nerves very m uch so. Why arent you clear and quiet like your sister Margot? Why do you have to figure off all the time? Let me give you a teensy advice young lady. Men dont like that kind of thing in a girl. You know that? A man likes a girl wholl listen to him at once in a whilea interior(prenominal) girl, wholl keep her house shining for her husbandwho loves to cook and sew andThis was once said to Anne by an aggravated Mr. Van Daan. His rant was cut presently by Anne who rejected his advice and said shed sooner cut her throat. Im sure there are many other good personality traits that Anne had. I only chose to write about these few, however, because they are the ones that stood out to me. Im a bit like Anne. Im caring, determined, fun loving, and I can be pretty annoying. I regard the traits that I mentioned were very important to Annes personality. If she didnt have them, she just wouldnt be Anne Frank.

Scavenging for Food as Early Hominid Activity

The article Scavenger Hunt by silken Shipman takes a look at the activities of Early Hominids in footing of food hunt downing and gathering, specifically in the Afri bed plains of Kenya. To her surprise, too soon hominids represent a somewhat preposterously mark quite a than the established particular about proterozoic hominids as well-established hunters. It seemed that the foundations of early humans of the Neolithic age, that were reinforced around hunting and gathering may collapse and be replaced with something that we can non be proud of.However, it is a possibility since some still exhibit much(prenominal) trait in the modern world. Scavenging is a well-known natural action of more mammalian carnivores in Africa. However, some are still pure or nearly pure in terms of hunting and scavenging. Nonetheless, a sight of the well-known carnivores such as pack hunters or the big predators workout a hybrid of strategies in order to fill their stomachs. Much to her sur prise, barf Shipman discovered that early hominids (Homo Habilis, Australopithecus africanus, A.Robustus) practice scavenging more often than hunting. there were many evidences to this claim that early men who utilized stone tools were scavengers rather than established hunters. In the same sense, bipedalism also suggested that early hominids practiced scavenging, as their bodies were suited for such activities. Bone marks also suggested such an activity by Early Hominids. It may have been often later when hominids became established huntersmuch in the time of Homo Erectus and the invention of fire.However, being a scavenger was not all terrible as it had advantages that involved zipper efficiency as many mammalian predators would agree to. They would scavenge what they can and hunt when they must (Shipman 115). It is somewhat an interesting fact to discover an unusual early hominid activity, as it quickly reassembled my knowledge that all early bipedal hominids were establishe d hunters rather than scavengers (I would not argue that they were not gatherers). It does not really come as a shock but much more akin an interesting surprise. Well, it was supported astoundingly by Pat Shipman and her colleagues. there is nothing wrong with scavenging as it was a risky but intense schema done by most predatory mammalians, which apparently includes early hominids with Neolithic tools. I would not say that I was quite disappointed in discovering such a characteristic be farsighteding to early hominidsthe suppositional achieved hunters of the African plain, or of any other plain. Scavenging is actually an effective strategy as it ensured the survival of many early hominids without the expense of immense postcode from hunting and killing the prey. Carcasses turn ind them with skin or hide for their c tummyhing, and meat (of course).The scavenging trait of early hominids are still much present to a lot of modern humans todayespecially those who are unable to pr ovide themselves with proper food. That discovered fact from the article helped me clear some things up about modern humans possessing characteristics similar to a scavengerlike a vulture perhaps, minus the flying. It made me realize that the source of such trait may have occurred as an instinctive practice by early humansto grab what they can from their surroundingswhich was not bad at all since it enabled people to survive this long.Possessing the hunting-scavenging trait, humans have force a well-known survivor that can adapt to any condition. Pat Shipman took a different angle in analyzing early hominid activity, in terms of food gathering and their diet. The results were not all bad as scavenging provided a lot of things for early hominids, and ensured their survival for quite a long time. This trait may have been carried over to this date. We scavenge what we can and hunt if we must, should very much explain early hominid activity.

Extraversion and Neurotism

TAKE-HOME ESSAY 2 Psy 2300, extend 2012 The second take-home essay will be worth 20 points. You may use your textbook, D2L resources, and class notes. You may NOT collaborate with colleague students Essays must be double-spaced, with 1-inch margins and a reasonable font size (e. g. , 12 point). PLEASE CAREFULLY PROOFREAD YOUR ANSWERS FOR CLARITY & TYPOS excessive proofreading errors will pull up stakes in a deduction of points, as will a ill to follow the doting requirements above The essay should be 1-3 pages long and nonionic into coherent paragraphs. Please organize your essay according to the subdivisions showd (a, b, c, etc. ). You do not need to use a formal essay format (introduction, body, conclusion). Please use your own words whenever possible. If you feel you must citation from class notes or the textbook, cite the source properly. You may answer both ONE of the three questions provided. If you answer more than mavin, only the first matchless will be graded. Ess ays are DUE in the Dropbox by 959 p. m. on Friday, November 9th. 1. Compare and contrast the Big Five with either Eysencks seat OR Tellegens model (i. . , identify similarities and differences). If you withdraw Tellegen, focus on the three graduate(prenominal)er-order traits just refer to the primary scales as examples if applicable. Think ab step up how the models were derived as well as the meaning of the traits themselves. wherefore discuss which of the three trait models covered in class you elect and whether you think any important aspects of personality are left out of the three models. Make sure you JUSTIFY your choice of favorite model by presenting at least two distinct reasons. 2.Consider what it means to be racy in the traits of Extraversion and Neuroticism (separately). Then make connections amongst each trait and current concern theory. Specifically, address how existence high in these traits might influence Which types of objects people pursue How their goal pursuits continue them (emotionally and cognitively) How they progress through the incentive-disengagement cycle when a goal is blocked What Im looking for here is a thoughtful discussion of how being high in E and being high in N might affect peoples motivational processes, using concepts from Klingers current concern theory.It may help to refer to the low ends of these traits to provide a contrast with the high ends (e. g. , un deal introverts, when extraverts pursue a goal ). 3. If youd like to be a little creative, tell a story about a person with a crabby physique of traits. Specifically, choose AT LEAST THREE of the Big Five OR Tellegens primary traits (if you choose Tellegen, make sure to pick one trait from each higher-order factor). The person can be purely vatical or found on someone you know I purge had students discuss the fictional characters Dwight (from The Office) and BoratDescribe how that person typically be learns based on how they score on the three traits you select. For example, Ralph might be high C, low N, and medium O. What might Ralphs behavior patterns be like? His interpersonal relationships? His goal pursuits? Would his trait configuration lead to any particular problems in his life? What Im looking for is a stool understanding of the traits you choose and the ability to APPLY those traits to a realistic scenario in which the traits can interact with each other. Have fun NOTEI have a sample full-credit essay posted on D2L to help with this natural selection

Acc 300 Exam 2 Study Guide

Ch18 Revenue knowledge (when it is realized or manageable, when it is earned) Revenue Recognition at point of sale (1) Sales with Discounts (2) Sales with Right of Return Three alternative taxation recognition manners, and recognize revenue and if all of six trail (3) Sales with buybacks (4) Bill and Hold Sales buyer is not in condemnation ready to take delivery but does take title and subscribe to billing.Revenue is reported at the time title passes if (a) the risks of ownership have passed (b) the buyer makes a fixed commitment of purchase the goods, requests the transaction be on a buy and hold basis, and sets a fixed delivery term and (c) goods must be segregated, complete, and ready for shipment. FOB shipping-buyer FOB destination- market placeer Ch7 Cash and receivable 1 Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and Bank overdrafts (1). Cash equivalents atomic number 18 short-term, highly liquid investment. Ex.Treasury bills, commercial paper and money market funds. (2). restrict Cash Ex. Petty cash, payroll and dividend funds. Amount is not material, not segregate from cash step is material, segregate. (3). Bank Overdrafts when a alliance writes a tablet for more than the tote up in its cash report card. 2 A/R (1). Trade receivable A/R, Notes Receivable. (2). Nontrade receivable Advances to mop upicers and employees and subsidiaries Deposits paid to cover potential damages or losses dividends and interest receivable (3).Recognition of A/R (a) Trade discount. (b) Cash (gross revenue) discounts. Companies value and report short-term receivable at net realizable valuethe net amount they expect to clear in cash. (Determining NRV need both invalid receivables and any returns or allowances) twain methods are used in uncollectible accounts (1) the direct write-off method (Bad debt expense-debit, Accounts Receivable-credit). (2) Allowance method NRV, three essential features (a). count uncollectible receivable. (b).Debit estimated uncollec tible to Bad Debt Expense and credit them to Allowance for Doubtful Accounts. (c). When companies write off a specific account, they debit actual uncollectible to AFDA and credit that amount to A/R. Companies do not close AFDA at the end of pecuniary year. Recovery of an Uncollectible Account It reverses the entry made in opus off the account. It journalizes the collection in the usual manner. Percentage of sales salesBad Debt Expense Percentage of Receivable A/RAFDA, Ch8 Inventories . change slight system continuously track changes in the instrument account, a company records all purchase and sales of goods directly in the scrutinise account as they occur. ( Purchase of merchandise for resale or RM for production are debited to broth rather than to purchase Freight-in is debited to stocktaking, Purchase returns and allowances and purchase discounts are credited to inventory COGS is recorded at the time of each sale by debiting COGS and crediting stock 2.Periodic system a co mpany determines the Q of inventory on hand hardly monthlyally. It records all acquisitions of inventory by debiting the purchase account. The diurnal system matches the summate withdrawals for the month with the total purchases for the month in applying the LIFO method. In contrast, the unending system matches each withdrawal with the immediately preceding purchases. FIFO periodic and FIFO perpetual provide the corresponding gross profit and inventory value. LIFO usually produces a lower GP than FIFO. 3. Basic issues in inventory rating (1). he physical goods to admit in inventory (who owns the goods FOB shipping pointBuyers at time of deliver Consignment goodssellers Sales with buybacksellers Sales with high rate of returnsbuyers, if you can estimate returns Sales on installmentsbuyers, if you can estimate collectability. (2) The cost to include in inventory (product vs. period be). (3) The cost flow assumption to comprehend (specific identification, average cost, FIFO, LIFO, sell) 4. FIFO in all cases, the inventory and COGS would be the same at the end of the month whether a perpetual or periodic system is used.LIFO results in different ending inventory and COGS amounts that the amounts calculated infra the periodic method. Not allowed under IFRS LIFO liquidation can abruptly Inc tax liability ADV matchingreflect current prices tax benefits fewer write downs of Inventory DIS lower NI understate EI Ch9 Inventories Additional valuation issues 1. A company abandons the historical cost principle when the future proceeds (revenue-producing ability) of the asset drops below its original cost.Companies therefore report inventories at the lower-of-cost-or-market (a traditionalist approach to inventory valuation) at each reporting period. Net realizable value is the estimated selling price slight reasonably predictable costs of completion and disposal (net selling price). A normal profit allowance account is subtracted from that amount to arrive at net realizable value slight a normal profit margin. The general LCM rule is a company values inventory at the LCM, replacement cost with market limited to an amount that is not more than NRV (upper, ceiling) or less than NRV less a normal profit margin (lower, floor).The designated market value is the amount that a company compares to cost. It is always the middle value of three amounts (replacement cost, NRV and NRV less a normal PM). Assumption A Computes a cost proportion after markups (and markup cancellations) but before markdowns. One approach use only assumption A. It approximates the lower-of-average-cost-or-market. We will refer to this approach as the conventional retail inventory method or the LCM approach. It also provides the most conservative estimate of EI.